One of the
leading
anti-GMO activists in the US, Charles M.
“Chuck” Benbrook is an agricultural economist, pesticide litigation consultant
and former adjunct professor with the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and
Natural Resources (CSANR) at Washington State – a job fully funded by the
organic food industry with no independent funding or funding from the university. Benbrook was also scientific
advisor for the organic industry research organization The
Organic Center, which does not mean that his efforts, or those of the
center, were particularly science-based. Benbrook is best known for his
promotion of pseudoscience and his willingness to use any tactic and gambit
possible, no matter how dirty, to defend the efforts of the industries that
hire him from actual scientific research and data, and to influence
public opinion, as well as to produce strikingly flawed studies in support of
said industries (the efforts are, for Benbrook and his side, a matter of winning,
not of ensuring that they are actually right through evidence and genuine
research). What’s really worrying, though, is how many people view him asan authority worth listening to.
During his
time at the CSANR, Benbrook directed the organic industry-funded “Measure to
Manage” program, and conducted several studies also funded in their entirety by
the organic food industry, which also paid for his lobbying efforts to require that
genetically modified organisms be labelled. His contract with Washington State
was terminated after he “forgot” to disclose his industry-funded conflicts of
interest. It is noteworthy that Benbrook also directed the National Academy of
Sciences’ Board on Agriculture from 1984 to 1990, but was ultimately let go, after several warnings, because
he used the authority of his position to promote pseudoscience and conspiracy
theories – what the NAS more diplomatically described as public comments on
incomplete research that did not reflect the views of the academic professional
reviewers at the Academy.
Since his
NAS days, Benbrook has primarily been working as an expert for hire. He was, for instance, chief
‘scientist’ at the Organic Center, a ‘research’ organization funded by the
organic industry and operating under the management of the Organic Trade
Association, relationships that the center did not want to be publicly known – it really is striking,
and really a system feature, how anti-GMO and anti-pesticide
activist groups like to run the shill gambit and appeals to Monsanto, falsely accusing those who
disagree with them of being bought and paid by industry interest on whatever
flimsy (and often non-existent) multiple-degrees-of-separation line they can
imagine, while being themselves entirely in the pocket of and producing
research results to order from Big Organic. From a cynical point of view, the
dynamics are understandable. The research underpinning the scientific consensus
on GMO or glyphosate safety is demonstrably largely free of industry-related
conflicts of interest. And if you apply just a bit of
reason, it should really be obvious how ridiculous the claim is that studies
that show that GMOs and pesticides are safe are compromised by Big Industry
interests: It really isn’t in the best interests of said industry to
influence results so that it looks like things are safe and effective when they
really aren’t: as the industry very well knows, mistakes in the assessment of
safety of their products will come back to harm them down the road. For
the anti-GMO activists, the situation is different: their goal isn’t to
establish the safety of their own products, but to undermine public confidence
in others’ products: And then, why would truth, accuracy and accountably
matter? There is a reason why FUD tactics are effective. It’s worth noting that the only
major case of scientific misconduct in research on glyphosate that has come to
light is … yes, precisely: Benbrook’s.
Over the
last decade, Benbrook has also served as expert witness in several GMO- and
pesticide-related lawsuits. Since 2014, he has been a paid litigation consultant
for mass tort pesticide litigators on class action cases involving glyphosate, paraquat, and chlorpyrifos.
In 2018,
Benbrook established the Heartland Research Study and Heartland Health Research
Alliance, LTD, which is a front for the organic industry – they were notably
funded by organic grocery magnate Mark Squire, as well as leading anti-vaccine
conspiracy theorist (and also anti-glyphosate activist) Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. The study group works to
establish at least a perception of a connection between pesticide use and
health issues for women and children in order to promote a shift to organic
production methods and the use of organic pesticides that are at least as
dangerous as conventional ones. (What counts as an organic
industry-accepted pesticide and what doesn’t is based on appealing to nature and seems in practice to be
determined by relatively arbitrary, pseudo-theological agreements between
industry leaders.)
“Research”
Benbrook has
produced a number of studies whose methodology ranges from fair to sloppy to
straight-out pseudoscientific. Among the most famous is a 2012 garbage study funded by the organic
industry that concluded that genetically
modified foods have resulted in increased pesticide use, putatively because
weeds are growing resistant to glyphosate – even people not paying particular
attention to the antics of anti-GMO activist may have picked up on that one.
The rather crucial flaws of the study include failing to take into account the fact that glyphosate is less toxic than
other herbicides (so that net toxicity may decrease even if total herbicide use
increases) and pulling estimates out of his
own ass because data provided by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
don’t in fact distinguish between GM and non-GM crops.
That study
in particular promoted Benbrook to being someone mainstream media would seek
out as an actual expert on issues related to pesticides or GMO, and they would often portray him, implicitly or explicitly, as an
independent commentator rather than someone who was completely on the payroll
of industry interests. Benbrook has of course extensively exploited his
position to systematically lobby journalists to provide sympathetic coverage of
his work and the industry interests that pay him, for instance to provide coverage
of his pro-organic milk study. As opposed to how media portrayed it, the vast
majority of independent research (which Benbrook’s was emphatically not)
on the topic was sharply critical of that study, but you would never guess from
the media coverage.
There is
some further discussion of Benbrook’s research efforts here.
(More)
Anti-GMO Activities
Benbrook is
a prolific speaker and signatory to various petitions. A recurring feature of
his contributions is, of course, attempts to poisoning the well by suggesting
conspiratorial collusions between researchers, industry and regulatory systems,
in particular to promote the idea that one cannot trust GMOs because the
regulatory systems in place rely too much on studies supplied by companies that
develop such foods. Of course, as mentioned above, the claim is false, The irony is that, as Amy Levy
and Julie Kelly point out, Benbrook himself “has been
bankrolled by the organic industry for years and his research is always
favorable to the anti-GMO organic industry. […] Quite simply, the money
trail behind Benbrook’s latest work can be directly traced to the organic
industry that greatly profits from any bad news about Monsanto, glyphosate or
GMOs.”*
*Teachable moment: The dynamics here nicely illustrate the difference
between a fallacious ad homiem and legitimate IBE inferences – though it might
immediately look like both Benbrook, on the one hand, and Levy & Kelly, on
the other, appeal to questionable motivations, there is a world of difference:
Benbrook commits an ad hominem fallacy because he appeals to industry funding
to question studies on GMO safety without engaging with the actual
studies; Levy & Kelly, on the other hand, starts by establishing that
Benbrook systematically draws the wrong conclusions, and then point to vested
interests to explain why that is the case. There is a golden rule of rational debate
(and if anyone knows the reference, please tell us) stating that you are not
allowed to try to explain why someone is wrong before you have shown
that they are, in fact, wrong. Benbrook violates that rule; Levy &
Kelly don’t.
You can
find a decent illustration of Benbrook’s level of integrity here.
(More)
Anti-Pesticide Activities
According
to serious studies, organic foods do not confer significant health advantages
compared to conventional foods. Benbrook, of course, is not
particularly happy with that conclusion and has campaigned extensively in
various media to get official institutions to dismiss studies that conclude
that glyphosate is safe based on careful research and rather adopt the views
Benbrook’s gut feelings tell him are correct. According to actual experts “Benbrook’s conclusions
conflict with virtually all peer reviewed studies, including two recent studies
in PNAS and Nature.”
There is an
unbiased introduction to glyphosate here for those in need of a primer.
Diagnosis: This
is perhaps the war that the denialist side is most likely to win, at least in
the short term; there is already an obvious asymmetry between those who claim
that GMOs and glyphosate are safe, even though that claim is backed by
scientific consensus – since it really is in their self-interest that
the research is careful and accurate – and the denialists backed by Big
Organic, whose FUD strategies would really see little benefit from being
truthful and accurate. And the case of Charles Benbrook is a pretty vivid
illustration of the asymmetry. A substantial threat to civilization.