After the
2020 election, wingnut election conspiracy theories went mainstream. But such
theories have, of course, been with us for a long time, insofar as raising them
has been a rhetorically effective means to support the use of legal means to
suppress voters that the ruling party doesn’t like. People like Catherine
Engelbrecht, for instance, has been promoting election fraud conspiracies at
least since 2008, and she continues to be a key player in the popularization
and dissemination of such theories. Engelbrecht is the founder of the King Street Patriots, which was established in reponse
to what Engelbrecht and others perceived to be problems and irregularities with
the 2008 election that “invited fraud and other problems at the polls” and
which brought her to the attention of the Tea Party movement, as well as co-founder of the organization True the Vote, one of the most significant and
influential promoters of 2020 election conspiracies.
2011–2019
True the
Vote’s first major effort to try to force elections to yield the results they
want outside Texas was their attempt to
thwart the attempted recall of Wisconsin governor Scott Walker by using their
own methods, mostly consisting of making systematic errors, to “check” petition signatures.
The TtV concluded that only about half the signatures were genuine, a claim
that was of course dismissed by all legal bodies because it was
false and stupid, but which nevertheless allowed Engelbrecht and TtV to claim
that fraud was “rampant”. The scary part, though, was that TtV
apparently easily managed to recruit some 17 000 volunteers (mostly out of state) to help do
the footwork to build their conspiracy theory, and they placed hundreds of
people to monitor the polls – the justification being that the monitors were
necessary because of “discrepancies” in the recall petition process (a
claim that had already been thoroughly refuted) as well as what TtV claimed to
be “Wisconsin’s long history of election fraud.” Interestingly, though
unsurprisingly, TtV themselves don’t apply their own standards for judging
whether signatures are genuine when they sign their own petitions.
TtV was
instrumental in spreading fear and conspiracy theories (“flood of illegal
voters”) surrounding the 2016 election as
well, e.g. arguing that reported cyberattacks against elections systems in two
states were really orchestrated by the Obama administration to justify taking
control of elections in the states. The evidence, according to TtV board member
Gregg Phillips, was that it’s “what the left
always does”. The incident, whose existence was based solely on it being ‘what
the left always does’ will subsequently be used as evidence that this is, in
fact, what the left always does, which will be evidence that the next incident
is a false flag, and so on in a closed epistemic loop ad infinitum. Indeed,
Engelbrecht has accused Obama of running a “political machine”
that makes “Watergate seem like a stubbed toe” to target … well, herself
in particular.
With regard
to the same election, Engelbrecht claimed that polling places staying open late –
referring to an entirely legitimate practice – is evidence of voter fraud. She
also claimed, based entirely on her own imaginative capacities as a village
idiot, that Obama was intentionally signing up
noncitizens to commit voter fraud, and TtV released a report falsely claiming
that mass-murderer Arcan Cetin had
illegally voted as a noncitizen in three elections because Cetin had in fact
voted in those elections – TtV did of course not bother to check whether he
was a citizen, which he was.
TtV did,
however, since the early 2010s, manage to ally themselves with politicians and
government bodies to aggressively suppress voter registration efforts under the guise of combatting a
(completely mythical) “epidemic” of voter fraud. Ultimately, however, for
Engelbrecht the voter fraud conspiracy theories are a religious issue: the fight over vote-by-mail, for
instance, is a “spiritual battle” for “control of the free world”.
In the
aftermath of the 2016 election, Engelbrecht was attempting to raise $1.2 million “to
conduct a comprehensive forensic audit of the entire election – all 136+
million votes” under the false assumption that “between 800,000 to
3,000,000” votes may have been cast by noncitizens, so as to ensure that
then-president Trump’s claim to have won not only the electoral vote but the
popular vote as well became true.
2020
Election
Shortly
after the 2020 election, TtV launched its Validate the Vote campaign led by
Engelbrecht herself. Officially, the purpose was to ensure that the 2020
election was proper and to “ensure public confidence and acceptance of
election outcomes”. The campaign promptly went about using any conceivable
effort to support Trump’s Stop the Steal claims, including finding (or
creating) whistleblower witnesses to election wrongdoing, data analyses to locate
irregularities, and a number of lawsuits to obtain access to voter rolls. Their
whistleblower locating efforts included creating a “whistleblower
compensation fund” to “incentivize election
malfeasance reporting”, i.e. to pay people to make accusations of voter
fraud – or, in other words, to undermine public confidence in the vote
and acceptance of election outcomes, by any means possible.
None of their
efforts provided a shred of evidence, of course, but since the goal of the
effort was of course not to verify the integrity of the election or to help
ensure public confidence that it was legit, but rather to promote the Stop the
Steal Agenda, Engelbrecht continued to state that the group’s investigations are “ongoing”.
Rather shortly after the election, TtV was sued by North Carolina money manager
Fred Eshelman, who had donated $2.5 million to
the group, for failing to come up with convincing evidence for voter fraud (that
suit was also quickly dismissed by the courts but the fact that it was filed is
pretty telling).
2021 and
Beyond
Ahead of
the 2021 Senate runoff in Georgia, TtV tried to challenge the validity of
hundreds of thousands of voter registrations. According to the courts, though TtV’s efforts didn’t quite
amount to illegal voter intimidation, the group had facilitated “a mass number
of seemingly frivolous challenges […] TTV’s list utterly lacked reliability.
Indeed, it verges on recklessness […] The Court has heard no testimony and seen
no evidence of any significant quality control efforts, or any expertise
guiding the data process.” In 2022, TtV officially partnered with Mark Lamb’s militant conspiracy organization
of “constitutional sheriffs” Protect America Now.
2000
Mules
nonsense
TtV was
heavily involved in – and indeed largely responsible for the misinformation
that served as the premise for – Dinesh D’Souza’s 2022 conspiracy theory flick 2000 Mules. The premise of the film was, based on faulty
assumptions, anonymous accounts and improper analyses of cellphone location
data, that Democrat-aligned individuals had
been paid to illegally collect and deposit ballots into drop boxes in Arizona,
Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin during the 2020 election, and the
claims were quickly picked up and endorsed by Donald Trump. Among TtV’s main claims was that phone
pings to cellphone towers could help identify individuals who had passed near
ballot drop boxes and various unnamed nonprofit organizations multiple times
per day, and they concluded that such
people – rather than having legitimate businesses or living in the areas or
being e.g. postal workers, delivery drivers or police officers – were paid
mules for ballot collection and deposits. The claim is as insane as it sounds. But TtV went on to assert that
some of the geolocated alleged mules were present at what they called “antifa riots” in Atlanta in 2020.
D’Souza and
Gregg Phillips also claimed to have matched their geolocation data with data
from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED). ACLED, on
their side – who do not track cellphone data anyways – asserted that Phillips’s claims were
categorically false. Engelbrecht tried to help him out by claiming that Phillips
was actually referring to a different organization, but declined the invitation
to name that different organization.
TtV’s claim
that there were 1155 paid mules in Philadelphia alone is false, and the Arizona claims were based
on a single anonymous witness who said she saw people picking up what she “assumed”
to be payments for ballot collection in Arizona. They didn’t even bother to try
to provide evidence of payments in any of the other states they covered. Nor did they bother to provide evidence that ballots were collected from a
nonprofit to be deposited in drop boxes. As for the claim that individuals
dropped off ballots more than once, it is not remotely supported by any of the surveillance videos they
actually show – TtV claimed to have a video of multiple drops by an individual,
but that they had to have “it taken out because the video is extremely poor
quality.” So it goes. TtV also claimed to have helped solve the murder of
an eight-year-old girl in Atlanta, which turned out to be a ridiculously false claim as well.
Of course,
the movie doesn’t find room to mention that even if the events it claims
took place, actually took place, it couldn’t imply voter fraud since
absentee ballots deposited in a drop box must anyways be inside an envelope
sent to each registered voter that includes the voter's registration
information, signature, and a barcode for verification.
Legal
issues
It is
somewhat telling that the TtV has refused to cooperate with official state
boards and officials trying to launch investigations into their
claims, and Engelbrecht and Phillips have landed themselves in some legal trouble as well over lies, refusing to comply with
subpoenas and illegal political donations. Indeed, in February 2024, TtV
admitted in a filing with the Fulton County
Superior Court in response to the Election Board lawsuit that “it doesn’t have documents
about illegal ballot collection, the name of its purported informant or
confidentiality agreements it previously said existed.”
TtV’s
Phillips also landed himself in some trouble when he falsely asserted that
Konnech, a poll worker management software company, had stored data on a
Chinese server and allowed the Chinese government to access it. That one actually
ended up providing Phillips and Engelbrecht with a brief stint in jail.
Other
Antics
Engelbrecht
and Gregg Phillips were also the founders of “The Freedom Hospital”, a
much-hyped effort to solicit donations
ostensibly for a mobile hospital to Ukraine, marketing the effort through lies,
fraud and disinformation; the hospital never materialized,
of course.
It is worth
pointing out that serious questions have been raised on several occasions about
Engelbrecht and Phillips using TtV funds for personal gain. This one is illuminating in that respect.
Here is another one.
Diagnosis:
Insane and zealous conspiracy theorist and myth maker with an enormous amount
of influence, especially given that her conspiracies and FUD tactics are
largely aimed toward serving the political interests of people in power.
Indeed, Engelbrecht must be considered a significant component of one of the
most severe threats to democracy and civilization that the US is currently
facing.